Air3d
Protection Engineering Consultants uses the Air3d program to model larger problems involving blast loading on buildings. Developed at Cranfield University in the UK, Air3d is a computational fluid dynamics code that models shock wave propagation by solving the Euler equations in one-dimensional, two-dimensional (radial symmetry), and three-dimensional space. The user typically defines the limits of one, two, and three-dimensional modeling of the problem and the program switches the modeling approach within each problem based on this input. This approach significantly reduces run times. Air3d is used for cases where building geometry is too complex to meet the limitations of simpler, fast-running engineering codes such as BLASTX.
Cross-section showing shock wave interaction with building